Hypertension is a disease of diverse causes. And which is manifested by sustained increases in blood pressure in systole and in diastole, or both.

The increase in blood pressure (hypertension) is a major cause, but most likely treatment of disease, and is divided into primary and secondary. In the general population, blood pressure is a continuous variable and its increase is associated with an increased risk of disease. Hypertension can be defined arbitrarily as a sustained diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg. However, there is no risk of developing diseases in which blood pressure is a pathogenic factor.

Primary hypertension (essential) is the elevation of blood pressure with age, but without apparent cause. It represents over 90% of cases and usually appear after age 40 The phenotype of high blood pressure in hypertension due to an interaction between genetic predisposition, obesity, alcohol consumption, physical activity and other factors not yet identified .

Secondary hypertension, which represents about 10% of cases, is due to an identifiable cause, the most common renovascular disease, which raises blood pressure by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Depending on their clinical evolution, both the primary and secondary hypertension can be classified into two types. In benign hypertension there is a steady rise in blood pressure for many years, while in hypertension accelerated the elevation of blood pressure is intense and worsens in a short period of time.

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MEDICAL TREATMENT
In general, treatments should be initiated when the average diastolic pressures for three or four months is equal to or greater than 100 mm Hg.

If smaller, to start treatment, there must be other risk factors at once, such as cardiac injury (ventricular hypertrophy, renal failure, etc.) or other risk factors (diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease).

Must attempt to maintain the diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg, using a treatment that the patient tolerated well. Diuretics are often used in the treatment of hypertension because, as scavengers of fat help the heart function is optimized.

Essential hypertension, ie, of unknown cause, no cure and patients must be treated with diet or drugs lifetime.

COMPLICATIONS
Maintaining a high Blood Pressure for a long period of years and not treat it can lead to many complications. Some of the most important cardiac complications such as arteriosclerosis and hypertensive heart disease.

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On the other hand, excess weight contributes to increased cardiac work. Obesity is associated with hypertension largely in part because the obese have increased insulin through a lower flow of the renal circulation produces a retention of salt (sodium).

A diet low in calories (1200 cal) with low fat intake can occur for every 10 kg of weight loss decreased 10 mm Hg.

In some people reduce weight is sufficient to control Blood Pressure. It is recommended to decrease in hypertensive or better leave the snuff and drinks with caffeine, which has a short-term effect of increasing the TA, but there is clear evidence that regular use may contribute to sustained hypertension. However, the use of snuff can accelerate the process of atherosclerosis in people with hypertension. Moreover, habitual alcohol abuse may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension.

We must take into account that certain drugs may increase vascular resistance, among them are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory steroids, contraceptives, and steroids sympathomimetics.

An aerobic exercise program helps strengthen the heart, to lose weight and control MT. No one knows the exact mechanism by which helps to lower BP. There must be a proper exercise to every age and every individual, but the realization of a half hour of jogging 2 or 3 days a week is enough for most people.

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Regardless of the health condition you have, the blood pressure of any person is not constant but suffers many normal variations during the day, but always measured at rest.

The figures follow a rhythm blood pressure over 24 hours, which is reproduced from one day to another and is called nictemeral rhythm of blood pressure, so that the pressure values are higher during the day and are reduced during sleep.

The daily requirement of salt are about half a gram a day (half teaspoon), but in a normal Western diet is consumed eight times that amount, not only in salt shaker, but also in cheese, cold cuts, condiments, soups envelope etc. Excessive salt in diet causes fluid retention and increased BP. To lower the TA, the first step is to reduce total salt intake (including that contained in the bread, broth concentrates, prepared foods, etc..) To a smaller amount of a teaspoon a day. Sodium is not only salt but also in monosodium glutamate, yeast, etc, so you have to read labels of packaged products to make a strict low sodium diet.

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